Biblio

Kovach, R. P. , J. E. Joyce, J. D. Echave, M. S. Lindberg, and D. A. Tallmon. 2013. Earlier Migration Timing, Decreasing Phenotypic Variation, and Biocomplexity in Multiple Salmonid Species. PLOS One 8:e53807.

Armbruster, W. S. . 1994. Early evolution of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae): insights from phylogeny, biogeography, and comparative ecology 81:302 - 316.

Guay, P. - J. , R. T. Chesser, R. A. Mulder, A. D. Afton, D. C. Paton, and K. G. McCracken. 2010. East-west genetic differentiation in Musk Ducks (Biziura lobata) of Australia suggests late Pleistocene divergence at the Nullarbor Plain. Conservation Genetics 11:2105–2120.

Irons, J. G. , L. K. Miller, and M. W. Oswood. 1993. Ecological adaptations of aquatic macroinvertebrates to overwintering in interior Alaska (U.S.A.) subarctic streams. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:98-108.

Brashares, J. S. , L. R. Prugh, C. J. Stoner, and C. W. Epps. 2010. Ecological and conservation implications of mesopredator release. 221-240 in J. Terborgh and Estes, J. Trophic cascades. . Island PressWashington DC.

Sloat, M. R. , D. J. Fraser, J. B. Dunham, J. A. Falke, C. E. Jordan, J. R. McMillan, and H. A. Ohms. 2014. Ecological and evolutionary patterns of freshwater maturation in Pacific and Atlantic salmonines. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 24:689-707.

Pittman, S. , and F. Huettmann. 2006. An Ecological Characterization of the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Region. 1–33 in ( editor), Clark, R. , Pittman, S. , and Battista, T. .

Lindberg, M. S. , and J. S. Sedinger. 1997. Ecological consequences of nest site fidelity in black brant. Condor 99:25–38.

Post, E. , M. C. Forchhammer, S. M. Bret-Harte, T. V. Callaghan, T. R. Christensen, B. Elberling, A. D. Fox, O. Gilg, D. S. Hik, T. T. Hoye, R. A. Ims, E. Jeppesen, D. R. Klein, J. Madsen, D. A. McGuire, S. Rysgaard, D. E. Schindler, I. Stirling, M. P. Tamstorf, N. J. C. Tyler, R. van der Wal, J. Welker, P. A. Wookey, N. M. Schmidt, and P. Aastrup. 2009. Ecological dynamics across the Arctic associated with recent climate change. Science 325:1355 - 1358.

Wipfli, M. S. , J. S. Richardson, and R. J. Naiman. 2007. Ecological Linkages Between Headwaters and Downstream Ecosystems: Transport of Organic Matter, Invertebrates, and Wood Down Headwater Channels1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 43:72–85.

Wipfli, M. S. , J. S. Richardson, and R. J. Naiman. 2007. Ecological linkages between headwaters and downstream ecosystems: Transport or organic matter, invertebrates and wood down headwater channels. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 43:72–85.

Lindberg, M. S. , and J. S. Sedinger. 1998. Ecological significance of brood-site fidelity in black brant: spatial, annual, and age-related variation. Auk 115:436–446.

Ollerton, J. , W. S. Armbruster, and D. P. Vazquez. 2006. The ecology and evolution of specialized and generalized pollination: Introductory comments. 19 - 22 in J. Ollerton and Waser, N. Plant-Pollinator Interactions: From Specialization to Generalization. . Universiry of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Lloyd, A. H. , W. S. Armbruster, and M. E. Edwards. 1994. Ecology of a steppe-tundra gradient in interior Alaska 5:897 - 912.

White, R. G. , B. R. Thomson, T. Skogland, S. J. Person, D. E. Russell, D. F. Holleman, and J. R. Luick. 1975. Ecology of caribou at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. 150 - 210 in S. Report No., 2 and Brown, J. Ecological investigations of the tundra biome in the Prudhoe Bay region. . University of AlaskaFairbanks, Alaska.

Schultner, J. , A. S. Kitaysky, J. Welcker, and S. Hatch. 2012. The ecology of stress: Fat or lean: adjustment of endogenous energy stores to predictable and unpredictable changes in allostatic load. Functional Ecology.

Binckley, C. A. , M. S. Wipfli, R. B. Medhurst, K. Polivka, P. Hessburg, B. R. Salter, and J. Y. Kill. 2010. Ecoregion and land-use influence invertebrate and detritus transport from headwater streams. Freshwater Biology 55:1205–1218.

Mack, M. C. , E. A. G. Schuur, M. S. Bret-Harte, G. R. Shaver, and F. S. Chapin III. 2004. Ecosystem carbon storage in arctic tundra reduced by long-term nutrient fertilization 431:440 - 443.

Harper, K. A. , S. E. Macdonald, P. J. Burton, J. Chen, K. D. Brosokfke, S. C. Saunders, E. S. Euskirchen, D. Roberts, M. S. Jaiteh, and P. - A. Esseen. 2005. Edge influence on forest structure and composition in fragmented landscapes. Conservation Biology 19:768–782.

Wagner, D. . 2018. The effect of an outbreak by the leaf miner Micrurapteryx salicifoliella on the performance of multiple Salix species in interior Alaska. Botany in press.

McEwan, E. H. , P. Whitehead, R. G. White, and J. O. Anvik. 1976. Effect of digestible energy intake on glucose synthesis in reindeer and caribou 54:737 - 751.

Trudell, J. , and R. G. White. 1981. The effect of forage structure and availability on food intake, biting rate, bite size and daily eating time of reindeer 18:63 - 81.

Prugh, L. R. , K. E. Hodges, A. R. E. Sinclair, and J. S. Brashares. 2008. Effect of habitat area and isolation on fragmented animal populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:20770-20775.

Staaland, H. , E. Jacobsen, and R. G. White. 1984. The effect of mineral supplements on nutrient concentrations and pool sizes in the alimentary tract of reindeer fed lichens or concentrates during the winter 62:1232 - 1241.

MacLean, R. , M. W. Oswood, J. G. Irons, and W. H. McDowell. 1999. The effect of permafrost on stream biogeochemistry: a case study of two streams in the Alaskan (U.S.A.) taiga. Biogeochemistry 47:239-267.